CacheUtils(3)

NAME

       Cache - the Cache interface

DESCRIPTION

       The Cache modules are designed to assist a developer in persisting data
       for a specified period of time.  Often these modules are used in web
       applications to store data locally to save repeated and redundant
       expensive calls to remote machines or databases.

       The Cache interface is implemented by derived classes that store cached
       data in different manners (such as as files on a filesystem, or in mem-
       ory).

USAGE

       To use the Cache system, a cache implementation must be chosen to suit
       your needs.  The most common is Cache::File, which is suitable for
       sharing data between multiple invocations and even between concurrent
       processes.

       Using a cache is simple.  Here is some very simple sample code for
       instantiating and using a file system based cache.

         use Cache::File;

         my $cache = Cache::File->new( cache_root => '/tmp/cacheroot' );
         my $customer = $cache->get( $name );

         unless ($customer) {
             $customer = get_customer_from_db( $name );
             $cache->set( $name, $customer, '10 minutes' );
         }

         return $customer;

       Of course, far more powerful methods are available for accessing cached
       data.  Also see the TIE INTERFACE below.

METHODS

       my $cache_entry = $c->entry( $key )
           Return a 'Cache::Entry' object for the given key.  This object can
           then be used to manipulate the cache entry in various ways.  The
           key can be any scalar string that will uniquely identify an entry
           in the cache.

       $c->purge()
           Remove all expired data from the cache.

       $c->clear()
           Remove all entries from the cache - regardless of their expiry
           time.

       my $num = $c->count()
           Returns the number of entries in the cache.

       my $size = $c->size()
           Returns the size (in bytes) of the cache.

PROPERTIES

       When a cache is constructed these properties can be supplied as options
       to the new() method.

       default_expires
           The current default expiry time for new entries into the cache.
           This property can also be reset at any time.

            my $time = $c->default_expires();
            $c->set_default_expires( $expiry );

       removal_strategy
           The removal strategy object for the cache.  This is used to remove
           object from the cache in order to maintain the cache size limit.

           When setting the removal strategy in new(), the name of a strategy
           package or a blessed strategy object reference should be provided
           (in the former case an object is constructed by calling the new()
           method of the named package).

           The strategies 'Cache::RemovalStrategy::LRU' and 'Cache::Removal-
           Strategy::FIFO' are available by default.

            my $strategy = $c->removal_strategy();

       size_limit
           The size limit for the cache.

            my $limit = $c->size_limit();

       load_callback
           The load callback for the cache.  This may be set to a function
           that will get called anytime a 'get' is issued for data that does
           not exist in the cache.

            my $limit = $c->load_callback();
            $c->set_load_callback($callback_func);

       validate_callback
           The validate callback for the cache.  This may be set to a function
           that will get called anytime a 'get' is issued for data that does
           not exist in the cache.

            my $limit = $c->validate_callback();
            $c->set_validate_callback($callback_func);

SHORTCUT METHODS

       These methods all have counterparts in the Cache::Entry package, but
       are provided here as shortcuts.  They all default to just wrappers that
       do '$c->entry($key)->method_name()'.  For documentation, please refer
       to Cache::Entry.

       my $bool = $c->exists( $key )
       $c->set( $key, $data, [ $expiry ] )
       my $data = $c->get( $key )
       my $data = $c->size( $key )
       $c->remove( $key )
       $c->expiry( $key )
       $c->set_expiry( $key, $time )
       $c->handle( $key, [$mode, [$expiry] ] )
       $c->validity( $key )
       $c->set_validity( $key, $data )
       $c->freeze( $key, $data, [ $expiry ] )
       $c->thaw( $key )

TIE INTERFACE

         tie %hash, 'Cache::File', { cache_root => $tempdir };

         $hash{'key'} = 'some data';
         $data = $hash{'key'};

       The Cache classes can be used via the tie interface, as shown in the
       synopsis.  This allows the cache to be accessed via a hash.  All the
       standard methods for accessing the hash are supported , with the excep-
       tion of the 'keys' or 'each' call.

       The tie interface is especially useful with the load_callback to auto-
       matically populate the hash.

REMOVAL STRATEGY METHODS

       These methods are only for use internally (by concrete Cache implemen-
       tations).

       These methods define the interface by which the removal strategy object
       can manipulate the cache (the Cache is the 'context' of the strategy).
       By default, methods need to be provided to remove the oldest or stalest
       objects in the cache - thus allowing support for the default FIFO and
       LRU removal strategies.  All derived Cache implementations should sup-
       port these methods and may also introduce additional methods (and addi-
       tional removal strategies to match).

       my $size = $c->remove_oldest()
           Removes the oldest entry in the cache and returns its size.

       my $size = $c->remove_stalest()
           Removes the 'stalest' (least used) object in the cache and returns
           its size.

       $c->check_size( $size )
           This method isn't actually part of the strategy interface, nor does
           it need to be defined by Cache implementations.  Instead it should
           be called by implementations whenever the size of the cache
           increases.  It will take care of checking the size limit and invok-
           ing the removal strategy if required.  The size argument should be
           the new size of the cache.

UTILITY METHODS

       These methods are only for use internally (by concrete Cache implemen-
       tations).

       my $time = Cache::Canonicalize_Expiration_Time($timespec)
           Converts a timespec as described for Cache::Entry::set_expiry()
           into a unix time.

SEE ALSO

       Cache::Entry, Cache::File, Cache::RemovalStrategy

DIFFERENCES FROM CACHE::CACHE

       The Cache modules are a total redesign and reimplementation of
       Cache::Cache and thus not directly compatible.  It would be, however,
       quite possible to write a wrapper module that provides an identical
       interface to Cache::Cache.

       The semantics of use are very similar to Cache::Cache, with the follow-
       ing exceptions:

           The get/set methods DO NOT serialize complex data types.  Use
           freeze/thaw instead (but read the notes in Cache::Entry).
           The get_object / set_object methods are not available, but have
           been superseded by the more flexible entry method and Cache::Entry
           class.
           There is no concept of 'namespace' in the basic cache interface,
           although implementations (eg. Cache::Memory) may choose to provide
           them.  For instance, File::Cache does not provide this - but dif-
           ferent namespaces can be created by varying cache_root.
           In the current Cache implementations purging is done automatically
           - there is no need to explicitly enable auto purge on get/set.  The
           purging algorithm is no longer implemented in the base Cache class,
           but is left up to the implementations and may thus be implemented
           in the most efficient way for the storage medium.
           Cache::SharedMemory is not yet available.
           Cache::File no longer supports separate masks for entries and
           directories.  It is not a very secure configuration and presents
           numerous issues for cache consistency and is hence depricated.
           There is still some work to be done to ensure cache consistency
           between accesses by different users.

AUTHOR

        Chris Leishman <chris@leishman.org>
        Based on work by DeWitt Clinton <dewitt@unto.net>

COPYRIGHT

        Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Chris Leishman.  All Rights Reserved.

       This module is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
       KIND, either expressed or implied. This program is free software; you
       can redistribute or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

       $Id: Cache.pm,v 1.7 2006/01/31 15:23:58 caleishm Exp $

perl v5.8.8                       2006-01-31                          Cache(3)
See also Cache::BaseCache(3)
See also Cache::BaseCacheTester(3)
See also Cache::Cache(3)
See also Cache::CacheMetaData(3)
See also Cache::CacheSizer(3)
See also Cache::CacheTester(3)
See also Cache::CacheUtils(3)
See also Cache::Entry(3)
See also Cache::File(3)
See also Cache::File::Entry(3)
See also Cache::File::Handle(3)
See also Cache::File::Heap(3)
See also Cache::FileBackend(3)
See also Cache::FileCache(3)
See also Cache::IOString(3)
See also Cache::Memory(3)
See also Cache::Memory::Entry(3)
See also Cache::Memory::HeapElem(3)
See also Cache::MemoryBackend(3)
See also Cache::MemoryCache(3)
See also Cache::Null(3)
See also Cache::Null::Entry(3)
See also Cache::NullCache(3)
See also Cache::Object(3)
See also Cache::RemovalStrategy(3)
See also Cache::RemovalStrategy::FIFO(3)
See also Cache::RemovalStrategy::LRU(3)
See also Cache::SharedMemoryBackend(3)
See also Cache::SharedMemoryCache(3)
See also Cache::SizeAwareCache(3)
See also Cache::SizeAwareCacheTester(3)
See also Cache::SizeAwareFileCache(3)
See also Cache::SizeAwareMemoryCache(3)
See also Cache::SizeAwareSharedMemoryCache(3)
See also Cache::Tester(3)
See also Tie::Cache(3)