fsdb_vxfs(ADM)
fsdb_vxfs - VERITAS File System debugger
Synopsis
fsdb [-F vxfs] [generic_options] [-z inumber] special
Description
The fsdb command can be used to patch up a damaged VxFS file system after a crash. A special device special is used to indicate the file system to be debugged. The fsdb command is intended for experienced users only.
The fsdb command has conversions to translate block and inumbers into their corresponding disk addresses. Also included are mnemonic offsets to access different parts of an inode. These greatly simplify the process of correcting control block entries or descending the file system tree.
By default, numbers are considered decimal. Octal numbers must be prefixed with 0. Hexadecimal numbers must be prefixed with 0x. When using hexadecimal numbers, it is preferable to follow the number with a space, since a number of commands are letters that are also hexadecimal digits. In this document a pound sign (#) is used to indicate that a number is to be specified.
The fsdb command reads a block at a time and works with raw and block I/O. All I/O is unbuffered, so changes made to the file system are immediate and changes made by other processes or by the kernel are immediately seen by the fsdb command.
Options
- generic_options
- Supported by the generic fsdb command
(see fsdb(ADM)).
- -F vxfs
- Specify the vxfs file system type.
If -F vxfs is not specified
heuristics similiar to those used by
fstyp(ADM)
are used to determine the file system type.
This command executes faster if it is not required
to autodetect file system types. If possible, specify
-F vxfs
- -z inumber
- Clear the inode identified by inumber (non-interactive). Multiple -z options accumulate.
The following symbols are recognized by the fsdb command:
- h [mod|print]
- Print summary of commands that display [modify|format] the file system.
- ? [mod|print]
- Print summary of commands that display [modify|format] the file system.
- help [mod|print]
- Print summary of commands that display [modify|format] the file system.
- !
- Escape to shell.
- |
- Pipe output of fsdb command to a shell command.
- q
- Quit.
- "string"
- A character string. Inside a character string, a NULL character may be specified with ''\0'';
a double quote may be specified with ''\"''; and a backslash may be specified with
''\\ ''.
- + - * / %
- Add, subtract, multiply, divide, and modulus.
- =
- Assignment
- i
- An inode in the primary inode list.
- ai
- An inode in the attribute inode list.
- au
- An allocation unit.
- b
- A block.
- im
- The immediate data area of an inode. Small directories and symbolic link files (96 bytes or
less) are stored directly in the inode itself, in the area normally occupied by data
block numbers and extent sizes.
- attr
- An attribute inode.
- cdb
- Current directory block.
- d
- A directory entry.
- a
- An inode address entry.
- B
- A byte.
- H
- A half-word (2 bytes)
- W
- A word (4 bytes)
- D
- A double-word (8 bytes)
- p
- General print facility
- calc
- Simple calculator and base converter
- find
- Find a matching pattern in the file system
- fset
- A fileset.
- iau
- An inode allocation unit in the primary inode list.
- aiau
- An inode allocation unit in the attribute inode list.
- cut
- The current usage table.
- olt
- The object location table.
- mapi
- Map logical file offset to an inode extent.
- reset
- Reset device.
The print facility recognizes the following print formats:
- S
- Print as a super-block.
- A
- Print as an allocation-unit header.
- AS
- Print as an auxiliary super-block.
- L
- Print as intent-log records.
- I
- Print as inodes.
- T
- Print as typed extent descriptors.
- dent
- Print as directory entries.
- db
- Print as a directory block.
- dh
- Print as a directory header.
- o
- Print as octal words.
- oB oH oW oD
- Print as octal bytes, half-words, words, or double-words.
- x
- Print as hexadecimal words.
- xB xH xW xD
- Print as hexadecimal bytes, half-words, words, or double-words.
- e
- Print as decimal words.
- eB eH eW eD
- Print as decimal bytes, half-words, words, or double-words.
- c
- Print as characters.
- F
- Print as fileset headers.
- C
- Print as current usage table entries.
- IA
- Print as an inode allocation unit header.
- oltext
- Print as an object location table extent.
- Q
- Print as a BSD quota record.
- DV
- Print as a device record.
Changes to inode fields may be made symbolically. The following symbols represent inode fields:
- md
- Inode mode field
- ln
- Inode link count field
- uid
- Inode user ID Number field
- gid
- Inode group ID Number field
- szlo
- Low-order word of inode file size field
- szhi
- High-order word of inode file size field
- sz
- Inode file size field
- de#
- Inode direct extent data block numbers (0 - 9)
- des#
- Inode direct extent sizes (0 - 9)
- ie#
- Inode indirect extent data block numbers (0 - 1)
- ies
- Inode indirect extent size
- at
- Inode access time field (seconds)
- ats
- Inode access time field (microseconds).
- ct
- Inode change time field (seconds).
- cts
- Inode change time field (microseconds).
- mt
- Inode modification time field (seconds).
- mts
- Inode modification time field (microseconds).
- af
- Inode allocation flags field.
- gen
- Inode generation count field.
- org
- Inode mapping type field.
- fe
- Inode fixed extent size field.
- bl
- Inode blocks held field.
- eopflg
- Inode extended operation flag field.
- eopdat
- Inode extended operation data field.
- rdev
- If device, inode device number.
- maj
- If device, inode major number.
- min
- If device, inode minor number.
- pd
- If directory, inode parent directory.
- res
- If regular file, inode reservation.
- verhi
- Inode high-order word of serial number.
- verlo
- Inode low-order word of serial number.
- fsindex
- Referencing fileset ID.
- matching
- Inode number of matching inode.
- iano
- Indirect attribute inode.
Changes to directory block fields may be made symbolically. The following symbols represent directory block fields:
- tfree
- Total free space (only if in a data block).
- hash#
- Hash chain start (0 through 31, only if in a data block).
- d#
- Directory entry (variable number of entries).
- nhash
- Number of hash chains.
Changes to directory entry fields may be made symbolically. The following symbols represent directory entry fields:
- ino
- Inode number
- nm
- Entry name
- nmlen
- Name length
- reclen
- Record length (only if in a data block)
- hnext
- Name hash next (only if in a data block)
It is preferable to separate each token on a command line with a space. Although the command parser does not insist on space separation, there is no ambiguity in the command language if each token is separated with a space. For example, the command 0x23b b sets the current position to block 0x23b hexadecimal. The command 0x23bb is invalid, since the command is parsed as simply a hexadecimal number. The command 23b positions to block 23 decimal, since the command is not ambiguous.
Commands are separated by new lines, or multiple commands may be placed on one line, separated by a period (.) or a semicolon (;). When multiple commands are placed on one line, generally only the last command displays results. This allows positioning commands to be followed by printing commands or change commands without intermediate printing.
The fsdb command maintains several positions in the file system:
- current position
- current primary-inode position (i)
- current attribute-inode position (ai)
- current inode type (i or ai)
- current fileset-header position (fset)
- current allocation-unit position (au)
- current primary-inode allocation-unit (iau) position
- current inode allocation-unit type (iau or aiau)
- current attribute-inode allocation-unit (aiau) position
These are used by various fsdb commands. (The au positions are not supported beyond Version 2)
The following commands are supported:
- # B|H|W|D
- Set current position in the file system to the specified offset in bytes, half-words, words, or
double-words. If the last command on a line, print the byte, half-word, word, or
double-words in hexadecimal.
- +|- # B|H|W|D
- Set current position to specified relative offset in bytes, half-words, words, or double-
words. If the last command on a line, print the byte, half-word, word, or double-
words in hexadecimal.
- # au
- Set current position in the file system to the specified allocation unit (au) position. Set
current allocation unit position to the resulting offset. If the last command on a
line, print the allocation unit header.
- +|- # au
- Set current position in the file system to the specified position relative to the current
allocation unit (au) position. Set current allocation unit position to the resulting
offset. If the last command on a line, print the allocation unit header.
- au
- Set current position in the file system to the current allocation unit position. If the last
command on a line, print the allocation unit header.
- # b
- Set current position in the file system to the specified offset in blocks. Set current block
position to the resulting offset. The block size is the block size of the file system.
If the last command on a line, print the first word in the block in hexadecimal.
- +|- # b
- Set current position to specified relative offset in blocks. Set current block position to the
resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print the first word in the block in
hexadecimal.
- b
- Set current position to current block position (the block specified by the last [+|-] # b
operation). If the last command on a line, print the first word in the block in
hexadecimal.
- cut
- Set current position to the current usage table (cut). If the last command on a line, print the
first current usage table entry.
- dev
- Set current position to the primary device's configuration record. If the last command on
a line, print the device-configuration record.
- # fset
- Set current position in the file system to the fileset header entry for the specified fileset
index. Set current fileset position to the resulting offset. If the last command on a
line, print the specified fileset header.
- +|- # fset
- Set current position in the file system to the fileset header entry for the specified position
relative to the current fileset position. Set current fileset position to resulting
offset. If the last command on a line, print the specified fileset header.
- fset
- Set current position in the file system to the current fileset position. If the last command on
a line, print the fileset header for the current fileset.
- # aiau
- Set current position in the file system to the specified attribute inode allocation unit (aiau)
in a fileset. Set the current attribute inode allocation unit position to the resulting
offset. If the last command on a line, print the attribute inode allocation unit
header.
- +|- # aiau
- Set the current position in the file system to the specified position relative to the current
attribute inode allocation unit (aiau) position. Set the current attribute inode
allocation unit position to the resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print
the attribute inode allocation unit header.
- aiau
- Set the current position in the file system to the current attribute inode allocation unit (aiau)
position. If the last command on a line, print the attribute inode allocation unit
header.
- # iau
- Set current position in the file system to the specified inode allocation unit (iau) in a fileset.
Set the current inode allocation unit position to the resulting offset. If the last
command on a line, print the inode allocation unit header.
- +|- # iau
- Set the current position in the file system to the specified position relative to the current
inode allocation unit (iau) position. Set the current inode allocation unit position
to the resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print the inode allocation unit
header.
- iau
- Set the current position in the file system to the current inode allocation unit (iau) position.
If the last command on a line, print the inode allocation unit header.
- # ai
- Set current position in the current fileset to the ilist entry for the specified attribute inode.
Set current attribute inode position to the resulting offset. If the last command on
a line, print the ilist entry for the inode.
- +|- # ai
- Set current position in the current fileset to the ilist entry for the specified relative attribute
inode. Set current attribute inode position to the resulting offset. If the last
command on a line, print the ilist entry for the inode.
- ai
- Set current position in the current fileset to the current attribute inode position. If the last
command on a line, print the ilist entry for the inode.
- # i
- Set current position in the current fileset to the ilist entry for the specified inode. Set current
inode position to the resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print the ilist
entry for the inode.
- +|- # i
- Set current position in the current fileset to the ilist entry for the specified relative inode.
Set current inode position to the resulting offset. If the last command on a line,
print the ilist entry for the inode.
- i
- Set current position in the current fileset to the current inode position. If the last command
on a line, print the ilist entry for the inode.
- a#
- Set current position to specified offset in blocks specified by the inode address #. Addresses
0 through 9 are for direct extents ( de ). Addresses 10-11 are for indirect extents (
ie ). The addresses are displayed when printing an ilist entry. Set current block
position to the resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print the first word
in the block in hexadecimal.
- im
- Set current position to immediate data area of the current inode. Set current block position
to the resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print the first word of the area
in hexadecimal.
- attr
- Set current position to attribute data area of the current inode. Set current block position to
the resulting offset. If the last command on a line, print the first word in the block
in hexadecimal.
- # B|H|W|D =# [#]
- Set the current position and change the number at the specified offset to the given number.
If a double-word offset is specified, then two numbers separated by a space are
required. The resulting value is printed in hexadecimal.
- +|-# B|H|W|D =# [#]
- Set the current position and change the number at the specified relative offset to the given
number. If a double-word offset is specified, then two numbers separated by a
space are required. The resulting value is printed in hexadecimal.
- # B|H|W|D = "string"
- Set the current position and change the characters at the specified offset to the given string.
The resulting value is printed as a character string.
- +|- # B|H|W|D = "string"
- Set the current position and change the characters at the specified relative offset to the
given string. The resulting value is printed as a character string.
- olt
- Set the current position to the object location table (olt). If the last command on a line, print
the object location table.
- p [#] format
- Print the contents of the file system at the current offset as the specified number of entries
of a given format. The allowable print formats are specified above. If a number of
entries to print is not specified, one entry is printed.
- inode_field = #
- Set the contents of the given inode field to the specified number. The current inode specifies
the inode list entry to be modified. The symbols representing inode fields are
previously listed.
- directory_block_field = #
- Set the contents of the given directory block field to the specified number. The current
block is treated as a directory block and the offset in that block which is
represented by the given field is changed. The symbols representing directory
block fields are listed above.
- d#
- Set the current directory entry to the specified number. The current block is treated as a
directory block. If the current block is an immediate data area for an inode, then
the block is treated as containing immediate directory entries. If the last command
on a line, the directory entry at the resulting offset is printed.
- directory_entry_field = #
- Set the contents of the given directory field to the specified number. The current directory
entry specifies where the directory entry is located. The resulting value is printed
in hexadecimal.
- nm = "string"
- Set the directory name field of the current directory entry to the specified string. The
resulting value is printed as a character string.
- calc # [+|-|*|/ #]
- Take a number or the sum, difference, product or dividend of two numbers and print in
decimal, octal, hexadecimal and character format.
- find # B|H|W|D [#]
- Search for the given numeric pattern in the file system. The size of the object to match is
specified. If a double-word is specified, then two numbers must be given. The
search is performed forward from the current offset. A maximum number of
blocks to search may be specified. If found, the location and value are printed in
hexadecimal.
- find "string" [#]
- Search for the given character string in the file system. The search is performed forward
from the current offset. A maximum number of blocks to search may be specified.
If found the location and string are printed.
- fmtlog
- Format all intent log entries. A completely formatted intent log can be quite lengthy. It is a
good idea use the fsdb command as a filter and redirect the output to a file or pager
to look at a complete log format.
- listfset
- List all filesets by their indexes and names.
- mapi #
- Treat the number as a logical offset in the file described by the current inode, and print the
extent that it maps to.
- reset
- Does the equivalent of exiting fsdb and restarting on same device.
The following help commands are supported:
- h|help
- Display primary help screen.
- h mod
- Display modification-commands help screen.
- h print
- Display print-commands help screen.
Examples
386i
- Prints inumber 386 in an inode format. This now becomes the current
working inode.
ln=4
- Changes the link count for the working inode to 4.
1024B.p S
- Prints the super-block of this file system symbolically.
2i.a0b.d7.ino = 3
- Changes the inumber for the seventh directory slot in the root directory
to 3. This example also shows how several operations can be
combined on one command line.
d7.nm = "foo "
- Changes the name field in the directory slot to "foo".
23i.im.pdb
- Prints the immediate area of inode 23 as a directory block.
23i.im.d5
- Prints the sixth directory entry in the immediate area of inode 23.
Warnings
Always execute fsck after using the
fsdb command to modify a file system (use
fsck -o full, nolog).
Some aspects of fsdb apply to a specific version of vxfs disk layout.
References
fsck(ADM),
fsdb(ADM),
fstyp(ADM)
© 1997 The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. All rights reserved.