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Fonts in Qt/Embedded

Supported Formats

Qt/Embedded supports four font formats:

Support for each of these font formats (except QPF which is always enabled) can be enabled or disabled independently by using the Qt/Embedded Features Definition. There is support in Qt/Embedded for writing a QPF font file from any font, so you can initially enable TTF and BDF formats, save QPF files for the fonts and sizes you need, then remove TTF and BDF support.

See tools/makeqpf for a tool that helps produce QPF files from the TTF and BDF, or just run your application with the -savefonts option.

Memory Requirements

With TTF fonts, each character in the font at a given point size is only rendered when first used in a drawing or metrics operation. With BDF fonts all characters are rendered when the font is used. With QPF fonts, the characters are stored in the same format that Qt uses for drawing.

For example, a 10-point Times font containing the ASCII characters uses around 1300 bytes when stored in QPF format.

Taking advantage of the way the QPF format is structured, Qt/Embedded memory-maps the data rather than reading and parsing it. This reduces RAM consumption even further.

Scalable fonts use a larger amount of memory per font, but these fonts provide a memory saving if many different sizes of each font are needed.

Smooth Fonts

TTF, PFA, and QPF fonts can be rendered as smooth anti-aliased fonts to give superior readability, especially on low-resolution devices. The difference between smooth and non-smooth fonts is illustrated below (you may need to change your display to low resolution to see the difference):

Unicode

All fonts used by Qt/Embedded use the Unicode character encoding. Most fonts available today use this encoding, but they usually don't contain all the Unicode characters. A complete 16-point Unicode font uses over 1 MB of memory.

The font definition file

When Qt/Embedded applications run, they look for a file called $QTDIR/lib/fonts/fontdir or /usr/local/qt-embedded/lib/fonts/fontdir. This file defines the fonts available to the application. It has the following format:

name file renderer italic weight size flags

The font definition file does not specify QPF fonts; these are loaded directly from the directory containing the fontdir file, and must be named name_size_weightitalicflag.qpf, where

If an application is run with the -savefonts command-line option, then whenever a font other than a QPF font is used, a corresponding QPF file is saved. This allows you to easily find the font usage of your applications and to generate QPF files so that you can eventually reduce the memory usage of your applications by disabling TTF and BDF support from Qt/Embedded, or by modifying the initialization of qws_savefonts in kernel/qapplication_qws.cpp of the Qt/Embedded library source code. In extreme cases of memory-saving, it is possible to save partially-rendered fonts (i.e. only the characters in "Product Name^TM") if you are certain that these are the only characters you will need from the font. See QMemoryManager::savePrerenderedFont() for this functionality.

Notes

The font definition file, naming conventions for font files, and the format of QPF files may change in versions of Qt/Embedded after 3.

To generate QPF files of different rotations, the program must be re-run with an orientation that matches the desired rotation of the QPF output. An example to generate all 4 rotations of fonts would be to run the following at a real framebuffer:

for dpy in LinuxFb Transformed:Rot90 Transformed:Rot180 Transformed:Rot270
do
    QWS_DISPLAY=$dpy ./makeqpf "$@"
done

If programs are only ever run in one orientation on a device, only the one appropriate set of fonts is needed.

When enabled, Qt/Embedded uses the powerful FreeType2 library to implement TrueType and Type1 support.