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xpr(1)





NAME

       xpr - print an X window dump


SYNOPSIS

       xpr  [  -device  devtype ] [ -scale scale ] [ -height inches ] [ -width
       inches ] [ -left inches ] [ -top inches ] [ -header string ] [ -trailer
       string ] [ -landscape ] [ -portrait ] [ -plane number ] [ -gray ] [ -rv
       ] [ -compact ] [ -output filename ] [ -append filename ] [  -noff  ]  [
       -split  n ] [ -psfig ] [ -density dpi ] [ -cutoff level ] [ -noposition
       ] [ -gamma correction ] [ -render algorithm ] [ -slide ] [ filename ]


DESCRIPTION

       xpr takes as input a window dump file produced by xwd(1) and formats it
       for  output  on PostScript printers, the Digital LN03 or LA100, the IBM
       PP3812 page printer, the HP LaserJet (or other PCL printers), or the HP
       PaintJet.   If  no  file argument is given, the standard input is used.
       By default, xpr prints the largest possible representation of the  win-
       dow  on  the  output  page.   Options allow the user to add headers and
       trailers, specify margins, adjust the scale and orientation, and append
       multiple  window  dumps to a single output file.  Output is to standard
       output unless -output is specified.

       Command Options

       -device devtype
              Specifies the device on which the file will  be  printed.   Cur-
              rently supported:
                   la100  Digital LA100
                   ljet   HP  LaserJet series and other monochrome PCL devices
                          such as  ThinkJet,  QuietJet,  RuggedWriter,  HP2560
                          series, and HP2930 series printers
                   ln03   Digital LN03
                   pjet   HP PaintJet (color mode)
                   pjetxl HP  HP  PaintJet  XL  Color  Graphics Printer (color
                          mode)
                   pp     IBM PP3812
                   ps     PostScript printer

              The default is PostScript.  -device lw (LaserWriter) is  equiva-
              lent  to  -device ps and is provided only for backwards compati-
              bility.

       -scale scale
              Affects the size of the window on  the  page.   The  PostScript,
              LN03, and HP printers are able to translate each bit in a window
              pixel map into a grid of a specified size.  For example each bit
              might  translate  into  a  3x3 grid.  This would be specified by
              -scale 3.  By default a window is printed with the largest scale
              that will fit onto the page for the specified orientation.

       -height inches
              Specifies the maximum height of the page.

       -width inches
              Specifies the maximum width of the page.

       -left inches
              Specifies the left margin in inches.  Fractions are allowed.  By
              default the window is centered in the page.

       -top inches
              Specifies the top margin for the picture in  inches.   Fractions
              are allowed.

       -header string
              Specifies a header string to be printed above the window.

       -trailer string
              Specifies a trailer string to be printed below the window.

       -landscape
              Forces  the  window  to printed in landscape mode.  By default a
              window is printed such that its longest side  follows  the  long
              side of the paper.

       -plane number
              Specifies which bit plane to use in an image.  The default is to
              use the entire image and map values into black and  white  based
              on color intensities.

       -gray  2 | 3 | 4
              Uses  a simple 2x2, 3x3, or 4x4 gray scale conversion on a color
              image, rather than mapping to strictly black  and  white.   This
              doubles,  triples,  or quadruples the effective width and height
              of the image.

       -portrait
              Forces the window to be printed in portrait mode.  By default  a
              window  is  printed  such that its longest side follows the long
              side of the paper.

       -rv    Forces the window to be printed in reverse video.

       -compact
              Uses simple run-length encoding for  compact  representation  of
              windows with lots of white pixels.

       -output filename
              Specifies an output file name.  If this option is not specified,
              standard output is used.

       -append filename
              Specifies a filename previously produced by  xpr  to  which  the
              window is to be appended.

       -noff  When  specified  in  conjunction  with  -append, the window will
              appear on the same page as the previous window.

       -split n
              This option allows the user  to  split  a  window  onto  several
              pages.   This  might  be  necessary  for very large windows that
              would otherwise cause the printer to overload and print the page
              in an obscure manner.

       -psfig Suppress  translation of the PostScript picture to the center of
              the page.

       -density dpi
              Indicates what dot-per-inch density should be  used  by  the  HP
              printer.

       -cutoff level
              Changes  the  intensity  level where colors are mapped to either
              black or white for monochrome output on a LaserJet printer.  The
              level  is expressed as percentage of full brightness.  Fractions
              are allowed.

       -noposition
              This option causes header, trailer, and image  positioning  com-
              mand generation to be bypassed for LaserJet, PaintJet and Paint-
              Jet XL printers.

       -gamma correction
              This changes the intensity of the colors printed by PaintJet  XL
              printer.  The  correction is a floating point value in the range
              0.00 to 3.00.  Consult the operator's manual  to  determine  the
              correct value for the specific printer.

       -render algorithm
              This  allows  PaintJet  XL  printer to render the image with the
              best quality versus performance tradeoff.   Consult  the  opera-
              tor's manual to determine which algorithms are available.

       -slide This  option  allows overhead transparencies to be printed using
              the PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers.


SEE ALSO

       xwd(1), xwud(1), X(1)


LIMITATIONS

       The current version of xpr can generally print out on the LN03  most  X
       windows  that  are not larger than two-thirds of the screen.  For exam-
       ple, it will be able to print out a large Emacs  window,  but  it  will
       usually  fail when trying to print out the entire screen.  The LN03 has
       memory limitations that can cause it to incorrectly print very large or
       complex windows.  The two most common errors encountered are ``band too
       complex'' and ``page memory exceeded.''  In the first  case,  a  window
       may  have  a  particular  six  pixel row that contains too many changes
       (from black to white to black).  This will cause the  printer  to  drop
       part  of  the  line  and  possibly  parts of the rest of the page.  The
       printer will flash the number `1' on its front panel when this  problem
       occurs.   A  possible solution to this problem is to increase the scale
       of the picture, or to split the picture onto two or  more  pages.   The
       second  problem,  ``page  memory  exceeded,'' will occur if the picture
       contains too much black, or if the picture contains complex  half-tones
       such  as  the  background color of a display.  When this problem occurs
       the printer will automatically split  the  picture  into  two  or  more
       pages.   It  may  flash  the number `5' on its from panel.  There is no
       easy solution to this problem.  It will probably be necessary to either
       cut  and  paste, or to rework the application to produce a less complex
       picture.

       There are several limitations on the LA100 support:  the  picture  will
       always be printed in portrait mode, there is no scaling, and the aspect
       ratio will be slightly off.

       Support for PostScript output  currently  cannot  handle  the  -append,
       -noff or -split options.

       The  -compact  option is only supported for PostScript output.  It com-
       presses white space but not black  space,  so  it  is  not  useful  for
       reverse-video windows.

       For color images, should map directly to PostScript image support.


HP PRINTERS

       If  no -density is specified on the command line 300 dots per inch will
       be assumed for ljet and 90 dots per inch for pjet.   Allowable  density
       values  for a LaserJet printer are 300, 150, 100, and 75 dots per inch.
       Consult the operator's manual to determine densities supported by other
       printers.

       If  no -scale is specified the image will be expanded to fit the print-
       able page area.

       The default printable page area is 8x10.5 inches. Other paper sizes can
       be accommodated using the -height and -width options.

       Note  that  a  1024x768 image fits the default printable area when pro-
       cessed at 100 dpi with scale=1, the same  image  can  also  be  printed
       using  300  dpi with scale=3 but will require considerably more data be
       transferred to the printer.

       xpr may be tailored for use with monochrome PCL printers other than the
       LaserJet.  To print on a ThinkJet (HP2225A) xpr could be invoked as:

           xpr -density 96 -width 6.667 filename

       or for black-and-white output to a PaintJet:

           xpr -density 180 filename

       The  monochrome  intensity  of a pixel is computed as 0.30*R + 0.59*G +
       0.11*B.  If a pixel's computed intensity is less than the -cutoff level
       it  will  print  as  white.   This maps light-on-dark display images to
       black-on-white hardcopy.  The default cutoff intensity is 50%  of  full
       brightness.   Example:  specifying  -cutoff  87.5 moves the white/black
       intensity point to 87.5% of full brightness.

       A LaserJet printer must be configured with sufficient memory to  handle
       the  image.   For a full page at 300 dots per inch approximately 2MB of
       printer memory is required.

       Color images are produced on the PaintJet at 90  dots  per  inch.   The
       PaintJet  is  limited  to  sixteen colors from its 330 color palette on
       each horizontal print line.  xpr will issue a warning message  if  more
       than  sixteen  colors  are encountered on a line.  xpr will program the
       PaintJet for the first sixteen colors encountered on each line and  use
       the  nearest  matching programmed value for other colors present on the
       line.

       Specifying the -rv, reverse video, option for the PaintJet  will  cause
       black  and white to be interchanged on the output image.  No other col-
       ors are changed.

       Multiplane images must be recorded by xwd in  ZPixmap  format.   Single
       plane  (monochrome) images may be in either XYPixmap or ZPixmap format.

       Some PCL printers do not recognize image positioning commands.   Output
       for  these  printers  will  not  be centered on the page and header and
       trailer strings may not appear where expected.

       The -gamma and -render options are supported only on  the  PaintJet  XL
       printers.

       The -slide option is not supported for LaserJet printers.

       The -split option is not supported for HP printers.

       The -gray option is not supported for HP or IBM printers.
       Copyright 1986, Marvin Solomon and the University of Wisconsin.
       Copyright 1988, Hewlett Packard Company.
       See X(1) for a full statement of rights and permissions.


AUTHORS

       Michael  R.  Gretzinger,  MIT  Project  Athena,  Jose Capo, MIT Project
       Athena (PP3812 support), Marvin Solomon, University of  Wisconsin,  Bob
       Scheifler,  MIT, Angela Bock and E. Mike Durbin, Rich Inc. (grayscale),
       Larry Rupp, HP (HP printer support).

X Version 11                       Release 6                            XPR(1)

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