objdump(1)
OBJDUMP(1) GNU Development Tools OBJDUMP(1)
NAME
objdump - display information from object files.
SYNOPSIS
objdump [-a|--archive-headers]
[-b bfdname|--target=bfdname]
[-C|--demangle[=style] ]
[-d|--disassemble]
[-D|--disassemble-all]
[-z|--disassemble-zeroes]
[-EB|-EL|--endian={big | little }]
[-f|--file-headers]
[-F|--file-offsets]
[--file-start-context]
[-g|--debugging]
[-e|--debugging-tags]
[-h|--section-headers|--headers]
[-i|--info]
[-j section|--section=section]
[-l|--line-numbers]
[-S|--source]
[-m machine|--architecture=machine]
[-M options|--disassembler-options=options]
[-p|--private-headers]
[-P options|--private=options]
[-r|--reloc]
[-R|--dynamic-reloc]
[-s|--full-contents]
[-W[lLiaprmfFsoRtUuTgAckK]|
--dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]
[-G|--stabs]
[-t|--syms]
[-T|--dynamic-syms]
[-x|--all-headers]
[-w|--wide]
[--start-address=address]
[--stop-address=address]
[--prefix-addresses]
[--[no-]show-raw-insn]
[--adjust-vma=offset]
[--dwarf-depth=n]
[--dwarf-start=n]
[--special-syms]
[--prefix=prefix]
[--prefix-strip=level]
[--insn-width=width]
[-V|--version]
[-H|--help]
objfile...
DESCRIPTION
objdump displays information about one or more object files.
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The options control what particular information to display.
This information is mostly useful to programmers who are
working on the compilation tools, as opposed to programmers
who just want their program to compile and work.
objfile... are the object files to be examined. When you
specify archives, objdump shows information on each of the
member object files.
OPTIONS
The long and short forms of options, shown here as
alternatives, are equivalent. At least one option from the
list
-a,-d,-D,-e,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-P,-r,-R,-s,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x
must be given.
-a
--archive-header
If any of the objfile files are archives, display the
archive header information (in a format similar to ls
-l). Besides the information you could list with ar tv,
objdump -a shows the object file format of each archive
member.
--adjust-vma=offset
When dumping information, first add offset to all the
section addresses. This is useful if the section
addresses do not correspond to the symbol table, which
can happen when putting sections at particular addresses
when using a format which can not represent section
addresses, such as a.out.
-b bfdname
--target=bfdname
Specify that the object-code format for the object files
is bfdname. This option may not be necessary; objdump
can automatically recognize many formats.
For example,
objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o
displays summary information from the section headers
(-h) of fu.o, which is explicitly identified (-m) as a
VAX object file in the format produced by Oasys
compilers. You can list the formats available with the
-i option.
-C
--demangle[=style]
Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-level
names. Besides removing any initial underscore
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prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names
readable. Different compilers have different mangling
styles. The optional demangling style argument can be
used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
compiler.
-g
--debugging
Display debugging information. This attempts to parse
STABS and IEEE debugging format information stored in
the file and print it out using a C like syntax. If
neither of these formats are found this option falls
back on the -W option to print any DWARF information in
the file.
-e
--debugging-tags
Like -g, but the information is generated in a format
compatible with ctags tool.
-d
--disassemble
Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
instructions from objfile. This option only
disassembles those sections which are expected to
contain instructions.
-D
--disassemble-all
Like -d, but disassemble the contents of all sections,
not just those expected to contain instructions.
This option also has a subtle effect on the disassembly
of instructions in code sections. When option -d is in
effect objdump will assume that any symbols present in a
code section occur on the boundary between instructions
and it will refuse to disassemble across such a
boundary. When option -D is in effect however this
assumption is supressed. This means that it is possible
for the output of -d and -D to differ if, for example,
data is stored in code sections.
If the target is an ARM architecture this switch also
has the effect of forcing the disassembler to decode
pieces of data found in code sections as if they were
instructions.
--prefix-addresses
When disassembling, print the complete address on each
line. This is the older disassembly format.
-EB
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-EL
--endian={big|little}
Specify the endianness of the object files. This only
affects disassembly. This can be useful when
disassembling a file format which does not describe
endianness information, such as S-records.
-f
--file-headers
Display summary information from the overall header of
each of the objfile files.
-F
--file-offsets
When disassembling sections, whenever a symbol is
displayed, also display the file offset of the region of
data that is about to be dumped. If zeroes are being
skipped, then when disassembly resumes, tell the user
how many zeroes were skipped and the file offset of the
location from where the disassembly resumes. When
dumping sections, display the file offset of the
location from where the dump starts.
--file-start-context
Specify that when displaying interlisted source
code/disassembly (assumes -S) from a file that has not
yet been displayed, extend the context to the start of
the file.
-h
--section-headers
--headers
Display summary information from the section headers of
the object file.
File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses,
for example by using the -Ttext, -Tdata, or -Tbss
options to ld. However, some object file formats, such
as a.out, do not store the starting address of the file
segments. In those situations, although ld relocates
the sections correctly, using objdump -h to list the
file section headers cannot show the correct addresses.
Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are
implicit for the target.
Note, in some cases it is possible for a section to have
both the READONLY and the NOREAD attributes set. In
such cases the NOREAD attribute takes precedence, but
objdump will report both since the exact setting of the
flag bits might be important.
-H
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--help
Print a summary of the options to objdump and exit.
-i
--info
Display a list showing all architectures and object
formats available for specification with -b or -m.
-j name
--section=name
Display information only for section name.
-l
--line-numbers
Label the display (using debugging information) with the
filename and source line numbers corresponding to the
object code or relocs shown. Only useful with -d, -D,
or -r.
-m machine
--architecture=machine
Specify the architecture to use when disassembling
object files. This can be useful when disassembling
object files which do not describe architecture
information, such as S-records. You can list the
available architectures with the -i option.
If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch
has an additional effect. It restricts the disassembly
to only those instructions supported by the architecture
specified by machine. If it is necessary to use this
switch because the input file does not contain any
architecture information, but it is also desired to
disassemble all the instructions use -marm.
-M options
--disassembler-options=options
Pass target specific information to the disassembler.
Only supported on some targets. If it is necessary to
specify more than one disassembler option then multiple
-M options can be used or can be placed together into a
comma separated list.
For ARC, dsp controls the printing of DSP instructions,
spfp selects the printing of FPX single precision FP
instructions, dpfp selects the printing of FPX double
precision FP instructions, quarkse_em selects the
printing of special QuarkSE-EM instructions, fpuda
selects the printing of double precision assist
instructions, fpus selects the printing of FPU single
precision FP instructions, while fpud selects the
printing of FPU souble precision FP instructions.
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Additionally, one can choose to have all the immediates
printed in hexadecimal using hex. By default, the short
immediates are printed using the decimal representation,
while the long immediate values are printed as
hexadecimal.
cpu=... allows to enforce a particular ISA when
disassembling instructions, overriding the -m value or
whatever is in the ELF file. This might be useful to
select ARC EM or HS ISA, because architecture is same
for those and disassembler relies on private ELF header
data to decide if code is for EM or HS. This option
might be specified multiple times - only the latest
value will be used. Valid values are same as for the
assembler -mcpu=... option.
If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch
can be used to select which register name set is used
during disassembler. Specifying -M reg-names-std (the
default) will select the register names as used in ARM's
instruction set documentation, but with register 13
called 'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15
called 'pc'. Specifying -M reg-names-apcs will select
the name set used by the ARM Procedure Call Standard,
whilst specifying -M reg-names-raw will just use r
followed by the register number.
There are also two variants on the APCS register naming
scheme enabled by -M reg-names-atpcs and -M reg-names-
special-atpcs which use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call
Standard naming conventions. (Either with the normal
register names or the special register names).
This option can also be used for ARM architectures to
force the disassembler to interpret all instructions as
Thumb instructions by using the switch
--disassembler-options=force-thumb. This can be useful
when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by
other compilers.
For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of
the -m switch, but allow finer grained control.
Multiple selections from the following may be specified
as a comma separated string.
"x86-64"
"i386"
"i8086"
Select disassembly for the given architecture.
"intel"
"att"
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Select between intel syntax mode and AT&T syntax
mode.
"amd64"
"intel64"
Select between AMD64 ISA and Intel64 ISA.
"intel-mnemonic"
"att-mnemonic"
Select between intel mnemonic mode and AT&T mnemonic
mode. Note: "intel-mnemonic" implies "intel" and
"att-mnemonic" implies "att".
"addr64"
"addr32"
"addr16"
"data32"
"data16"
Specify the default address size and operand size.
These four options will be overridden if "x86-64",
"i386" or "i8086" appear later in the option string.
"suffix"
When in AT&T mode, instructs the disassembler to
print a mnemonic suffix even when the suffix could
be inferred by the operands.
For PowerPC, the -M argument raw selects disasssembly of
hardware insns rather than aliases. For example, you
will see "rlwinm" rather than "clrlwi", and "addi"
rather than "li". All of the -m arguments for gas that
select a CPU are supported. These are: 403, 405, 440,
464, 476, 601, 603, 604, 620, 7400, 7410, 7450, 7455,
750cl, 821, 850, 860, a2, booke, booke32, cell, com,
e200z4, e300, e500, e500mc, e500mc64, e500x2, e5500,
e6500, efs, power4, power5, power6, power7, power8,
power9, ppc, ppc32, ppc64, ppc64bridge, ppcps, pwr,
pwr2, pwr4, pwr5, pwr5x, pwr6, pwr7, pwr8, pwr9, pwrx,
titan, and vle. 32 and 64 modify the default or a prior
CPU selection, disabling and enabling 64-bit insns
respectively. In addition, altivec, any, htm, vsx, and
spe add capabilities to a previous or later CPU
selection. any will disassemble any opcode known to
binutils, but in cases where an opcode has two different
meanings or different arguments, you may not see the
disassembly you expect. If you disassemble without
giving a CPU selection, a default will be chosen from
information gleaned by BFD from the object files
headers, but the result again may not be as you expect.
For MIPS, this option controls the printing of
instruction mnemonic names and register names in
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disassembled instructions. Multiple selections from the
following may be specified as a comma separated string,
and invalid options are ignored:
"no-aliases"
Print the 'raw' instruction mnemonic instead of some
pseudo instruction mnemonic. I.e., print 'daddu' or
'or' instead of 'move', 'sll' instead of 'nop', etc.
"msa"
Disassemble MSA instructions.
"virt"
Disassemble the virtualization ASE instructions.
"xpa"
Disassemble the eXtended Physical Address (XPA) ASE
instructions.
"gpr-names=ABI"
Print GPR (general-purpose register) names as
appropriate for the specified ABI. By default, GPR
names are selected according to the ABI of the
binary being disassembled.
"fpr-names=ABI"
Print FPR (floating-point register) names as
appropriate for the specified ABI. By default, FPR
numbers are printed rather than names.
"cp0-names=ARCH"
Print CP0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor
0) register names as appropriate for the CPU or
architecture specified by ARCH. By default, CP0
register names are selected according to the
architecture and CPU of the binary being
disassembled.
"hwr-names=ARCH"
Print HWR (hardware register, used by the "rdhwr"
instruction) names as appropriate for the CPU or
architecture specified by ARCH. By default, HWR
names are selected according to the architecture and
CPU of the binary being disassembled.
"reg-names=ABI"
Print GPR and FPR names as appropriate for the
selected ABI.
"reg-names=ARCH"
Print CPU-specific register names (CP0 register and
HWR names) as appropriate for the selected CPU or
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architecture.
For any of the options listed above, ABI or ARCH may be
specified as numeric to have numbers printed rather than
names, for the selected types of registers. You can
list the available values of ABI and ARCH using the
--help option.
For VAX, you can specify function entry addresses with
-M entry:0xf00ba. You can use this multiple times to
properly disassemble VAX binary files that don't contain
symbol tables (like ROM dumps). In these cases, the
function entry mask would otherwise be decoded as VAX
instructions, which would probably lead the rest of the
function being wrongly disassembled.
-p
--private-headers
Print information that is specific to the object file
format. The exact information printed depends upon the
object file format. For some object file formats, no
additional information is printed.
-P options
--private=options
Print information that is specific to the object file
format. The argument options is a comma separated list
that depends on the format (the lists of options is
displayed with the help).
For XCOFF, the available options are:
"header"
"aout"
"sections"
"syms"
"relocs"
"lineno,"
"loader"
"except"
"typchk"
"traceback"
"toc"
"ldinfo"
Not all object formats support this option. In
particular the ELF format does not use it.
-r
--reloc
Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with
-d or -D, the relocations are printed interspersed with
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the disassembly.
-R
--dynamic-reloc
Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This
is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain
types of shared libraries. As for -r, if used with -d
or -D, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
disassembly.
-s
--full-contents
Display the full contents of any sections requested. By
default all non-empty sections are displayed.
-S
--source
Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if
possible. Implies -d.
--prefix=prefix
Specify prefix to add to the absolute paths when used
with -S.
--prefix-strip=level
Indicate how many initial directory names to strip off
the hardwired absolute paths. It has no effect without
--prefix=prefix.
--show-raw-insn
When disassembling instructions, print the instruction
in hex as well as in symbolic form. This is the default
except when --prefix-addresses is used.
--no-show-raw-insn
When disassembling instructions, do not print the
instruction bytes. This is the default when
--prefix-addresses is used.
--insn-width=width
Display width bytes on a single line when disassembling
instructions.
-W[lLiaprmfFsoRtUuTgAckK]
--dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]
Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the
file, if any are present. Compressed debug sections are
automatically decompressed (temporarily) before they are
displayed. If one or more of the optional letters or
words follows the switch then only those type(s) of data
will be dumped. The letters and words refer to the
following information:
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"a"
"=abbrev"
Displays the contents of the .debug_abbrev section.
"A"
"=addr"
Displays the contents of the .debug_addr section.
"c"
"=cu_index"
Displays the contents of the .debug_cu_index and/or
.debug_tu_index sections.
"f"
"=frames"
Display the raw contents of a .debug_frame section.
"F"
"=frame-interp"
Display the interpreted contents of a .debug_frame
section.
"g"
"=gdb_index"
Displays the contents of the .gdb_index and/or
.debug_names sections.
"i"
"=info"
Displays the contents of the .debug_info section.
Note: the output from this option can also be
restricted by the use of the --dwarf-depth and
--dwarf-start options.
"k"
"=links"
Displays the contents of the .gnu_debuglink and/or
.gnu_debugaltlink sections. Also displays the link
to a separate dwarf object file (dwo), if one is
specified by the DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name or
DW_AT_dwo_name attributes in the .debug_info
section.
"K"
"=follow-links"
Display the contents of any selected debug sections
that are found in a linked, separate debug info
file. This can result in multiple versions of the
same debug section being displayed if both the main
file and the separate debug info file contain
sections with the same name.
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In addition, when displaying DWARF attributes, if a
form is found that references the separate debug
info file, then the referenced contents will also be
displayed.
"l"
"=rawline"
Displays the contents of the .debug_line section in
a raw format.
"L"
"=decodedline"
Displays the interpreted contents of the .debug_line
section.
"m"
"=macro"
Displays the contents of the .debug_macro and/or
.debug_macinfo sections.
"o"
"=loc"
Displays the contents of the .debug_loc and/or
.debug_loclists sections.
"p"
"=pubnames"
Displays the contents of the .debug_pubnames and/or
.debug_gnu_pubnames sections.
"r"
"=aranges"
Displays the contents of the .debug_aranges section.
"R"
"=Ranges"
Displays the contents of the .debug_ranges and/or
.debug_rnglists sections.
"s"
"=str"
Displays the contents of the .debug_str,
.debug_line_str and/or .debug_str_offsets sections.
"t"
"=pubtype"
Displays the contents of the .debug_pubtypes and/or
.debug_gnu_pubtypes sections.
"T"
"=trace_aranges"
Displays the contents of the .trace_aranges section.
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"u"
"=trace_abbrev"
Displays the contents of the .trace_abbrev section.
"U"
"=trace_info"
Displays the contents of the .trace_info section.
Note: displaying the contents of .debug_static_funcs,
.debug_static_vars and debug_weaknames sections is not
currently supported.
--dwarf-depth=n
Limit the dump of the ".debug_info" section to n
children. This is only useful with --debug-dump=info.
The default is to print all DIEs; the special value 0
for n will also have this effect.
With a non-zero value for n, DIEs at or deeper than n
levels will not be printed. The range for n is zero-
based.
--dwarf-start=n
Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered n. This
is only useful with --debug-dump=info.
If specified, this option will suppress printing of any
header information and all DIEs before the DIE numbered
n. Only siblings and children of the specified DIE will
be printed.
This can be used in conjunction with --dwarf-depth.
--dwarf-check
Enable additional checks for consistency of Dwarf
information.
-G
--stabs
Display the full contents of any sections requested.
Display the contents of the .stab and .stab.index and
.stab.excl sections from an ELF file. This is only
useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which ".stab"
debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an ELF
section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-
table entries are interleaved with linkage symbols, and
are visible in the --syms output.
--start-address=address
Start displaying data at the specified address. This
affects the output of the -d, -r and -s options.
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--stop-address=address
Stop displaying data at the specified address. This
affects the output of the -d, -r and -s options.
-t
--syms
Print the symbol table entries of the file. This is
similar to the information provided by the nm program,
although the display format is different. The format of
the output depends upon the format of the file being
dumped, but there are two main types. One looks like
this:
[ 4](sec 3)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss
[ 6](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 fred
where the number inside the square brackets is the
number of the entry in the symbol table, the sec number
is the section number, the fl value are the symbol's
flag bits, the ty number is the symbol's type, the scl
number is the symbol's storage class and the nx value is
the number of auxilary entries associated with the
symbol. The last two fields are the symbol's value and
its name.
The other common output format, usually seen with ELF
based files, looks like this:
00000000 l d .bss 00000000 .bss
00000000 g .text 00000000 fred
Here the first number is the symbol's value (sometimes
refered to as its address). The next field is actually
a set of characters and spaces indicating the flag bits
that are set on the symbol. These characters are
described below. Next is the section with which the
symbol is associated or *ABS* if the section is absolute
(ie not connected with any section), or *UND* if the
section is referenced in the file being dumped, but not
defined there.
After the section name comes another field, a number,
which for common symbols is the alignment and for other
symbol is the size. Finally the symbol's name is
displayed.
The flag characters are divided into 7 groups as
follows:
"l"
"g"
"u"
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"!" The symbol is a local (l), global (g), unique global
(u), neither global nor local (a space) or both
global and local (!). A symbol can be neither local
or global for a variety of reasons, e.g., because it
is used for debugging, but it is probably an
indication of a bug if it is ever both local and
global. Unique global symbols are a GNU extension
to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For
such a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that
in the entire process there is just one symbol with
this name and type in use.
"w" The symbol is weak (w) or strong (a space).
"C" The symbol denotes a constructor (C) or an ordinary
symbol (a space).
"W" The symbol is a warning (W) or a normal symbol (a
space). A warning symbol's name is a message to be
displayed if the symbol following the warning symbol
is ever referenced.
"I"
"i" The symbol is an indirect reference to another
symbol (I), a function to be evaluated during reloc
processing (i) or a normal symbol (a space).
"d"
"D" The symbol is a debugging symbol (d) or a dynamic
symbol (D) or a normal symbol (a space).
"F"
"f"
"O" The symbol is the name of a function (F) or a file
(f) or an object (O) or just a normal symbol (a
space).
-T
--dynamic-syms
Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file.
This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as
certain types of shared libraries. This is similar to
the information provided by the nm program when given
the -D (--dynamic) option.
The output format is similar to that produced by the
--syms option, except that an extra field is inserted
before the symbol's name, giving the version information
associated with the symbol. If the version is the
default version to be used when resolving unversioned
references to the symbol then it's displayed as is,
otherwise it's put into parentheses.
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--special-syms
When displaying symbols include those which the target
considers to be special in some way and which would not
normally be of interest to the user.
-V
--version
Print the version number of objdump and exit.
-x
--all-headers
Display all available header information, including the
symbol table and relocation entries. Using -x is
equivalent to specifying all of -a -f -h -p -r -t.
-w
--wide
Format some lines for output devices that have more than
80 columns. Also do not truncate symbol names when they
are displayed.
-z
--disassemble-zeroes
Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of
zeroes. This option directs the disassembler to
disassemble those blocks, just like any other data.
@file
Read command-line options from file. The options read
are inserted in place of the original @file option. If
file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option
will be treated literally, and not removed.
Options in file are separated by whitespace. A
whitespace character may be included in an option by
surrounding the entire option in either single or double
quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be
included by prefixing the character to be included with
a backslash. The file may itself contain additional
@file options; any such options will be processed
recursively.
SEE ALSO
nm(1), readelf(1), and the Info entries for binutils.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1991-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with
binutils-2.30 Last change: 2018-01-27 16
OBJDUMP(1) GNU Development Tools OBJDUMP(1)
no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy
of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License".
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