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 Less Frequently-Used Commands
 =============================
 
    Though perhaps less frequently used than those in the previous
 section, some very small yet useful `sed' scripts can be built with
 these commands.
 
 `y/SOURCE-CHARS/DEST-CHARS/'
      (The `/' characters may be uniformly replaced by any other single
      character within any given `y' command.)
 
      Transliterate any characters in the pattern space which match any
      of the SOURCE-CHARS with the corresponding character in DEST-CHARS.
 
      Instances of the `/' (or whatever other character is used in its
      stead), `\', or newlines can appear in the SOURCE-CHARS or
      DEST-CHARS lists, provide that each instance is escaped by a `\'.
      The SOURCE-CHARS and DEST-CHARS lists _must_ contain the same
      number of characters (after de-escaping).
 
 `a\'
 `TEXT'
      As a GNU extension, this command accepts two addresses.
 
      Queue the lines of text which follow this command (each but the
      last ending with a `\', which are removed from the output) to be
      output at the end of the current cycle, or when the next input
      line is read.
 
      Escape sequences in TEXT are processed, so you should use `\\' in
      TEXT to print a single backslash.
 
      As a GNU extension, if between the `a' and the newline there is
      other than a whitespace-`\' sequence, then the text of this line,
      starting at the first non-whitespace character after the `a', is
      taken as the first line of the TEXT block.  (This enables a
      simplification in scripting a one-line add.)  This extension also
      works with the `i' and `c' commands.
 
 `i\'
 `TEXT'
      As a GNU extension, this command accepts two addresses.
 
      Immediately output the lines of text which follow this command
      (each but the last ending with a `\', which are removed from the
      output).
 
 `c\'
 `TEXT'
      Delete the lines matching the address or address-range, and output
      the lines of text which follow this command (each but the last
      ending with a `\', which are removed from the output) in place of
      the last line (or in place of each line, if no addresses were
      specified).  A new cycle is started after this command is done,
      since the pattern space will have been deleted.
 
 `='
      As a GNU extension, this command accepts two addresses.
 
      Print out the current input line number (with a trailing newline).
 
 `l N'
      Print the pattern space in an unambiguous form: non-printable
      characters (and the `\' character) are printed in C-style escaped
      form; long lines are split, with a trailing `\' character to
      indicate the split; the end of each line is marked with a `$'.
 
      N specifies the desired line-wrap length; a length of 0 (zero)
      means to never wrap long lines.  If omitted, the default as
      specified on the command line is used.  The N parameter is a GNU
      `sed' extension.
 
 `r FILENAME'
      As a GNU extension, this command accepts two addresses.
 
      Queue the contents of FILENAME to be read and inserted into the
      output stream at the end of the current cycle, or when the next
      input line is read.  Note that if FILENAME cannot be read, it is
      treated as if it were an empty file, without any error indication.
 
      As a GNU `sed' extension, the special value `/dev/stdin' is
      supported for the file name, which reads the contents of the
      standard input.
 
 `w FILENAME'
      Write the pattern space to FILENAME.  As a GNU `sed' extension,
      two special values of FILE-NAME are supported: `/dev/stderr',
      which writes the result to the standard error, and `/dev/stdout',
      which writes to the standard output.(1)
 
      The file will be created (or truncated) before the first input
      line is read; all `w' commands (including instances of `w' flag on
      successful `s' commands) which refer to the same FILENAME are
      output without closing and reopening the file.
 
 `D'
      Delete text in the pattern space up to the first newline.  If any
      text is left, restart cycle with the resultant pattern space
      (without reading a new line of input), otherwise start a normal
      new cycle.
 
 `N'
      Add a newline to the pattern space, then append the next line of
      input to the pattern space.  If there is no more input then `sed'
      exits without processing any more commands.
 
 `P'
      Print out the portion of the pattern space up to the first newline.
 
 `h'
      Replace the contents of the hold space with the contents of the
      pattern space.
 
 `H'
      Append a newline to the contents of the hold space, and then
      append the contents of the pattern space to that of the hold space.
 
 `g'
      Replace the contents of the pattern space with the contents of the
      hold space.
 
 `G'
      Append a newline to the contents of the pattern space, and then
      append the contents of the hold space to that of the pattern space.
 
 `x'
      Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.
 
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
    (1) This is equivalent to `p' unless the `-i' option is being used.
 

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